CCIE: FRAME-RELAY NETWORK TYPE

Network-type: Point-to-Multipoint

· OSPF treats Point-to-Multipoint networks as a series of point-to-point links, mirroring the layer 2 topology.

· Point-to-Multipoint networks don’t have DR/BDR relationships.

· Point-to-Multipoint networks advertise /32 routes for all the frame-realy endpoints.

· Point-to-Multipoint networks have Hello and Dead intervals of 30 seconds and 120 seconds respectively.

· Point-to-Multipoint non-broadcast networks are very similar to point-to-multipoint networks except that they work over layer 2 topologies that have no broadcast capability

· Point-to-Multipoint non-broadcast networks allow you to define cost on a per neighbor

POINT –TO MULTIPOINT à Diventano NEIGHBOR solo mettendo “broadcast” nelle frame-relay-map

R1#sh ip osp ne

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:01:48 172.16.13.3 Serial0/0

2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:01:48 172.16.13.2 Serial0/0

R2#sh ip os neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:01:52 172.16.13.1 Serial0/0

R3#sh ip osp neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:01:59 172.16.13.1 Serial0/0

ESEMPIO (togliendo broadcast si perde la neighborship)

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.1 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 102 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.3 103 broadcast

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 1.1.1.1

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.2 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 201 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.3 201

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 2.2.2.2

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.3 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 301 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 301

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 3.3.3.3

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

R1#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 172.16.13.2, 00:00:47, Serial0/0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 172.16.13.3, 00:00:47, Serial0/0

172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks

C 172.16.13.0/29 is directly connected, Serial0/0

O 172.16.13.3/32 [110/64] via 172.16.13.3, 00:00:47, Serial0/0 -----> multipoint avvisa reti /32

O 172.16.13.2/32 [110/64] via 172.16.13.2, 00:00:49, Serial0/0 -----> multipoint avvisa reti /32

R2#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 172.16.13.1, 00:01:09, Serial0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 3.3.3.3 [110/129] via 172.16.13.1, 00:01:09, Serial0/0

172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks

O 172.16.13.1/32 [110/64] via 172.16.13.1, 00:01:09, Serial0/0 -----> multipoint avvisa reti /32

C 172.16.13.0/29 is directly connected, Serial0/0

O 172.16.13.3/32 [110/128] via 172.16.13.1, 00:01:11, Serial0/0 -----> multipoint avvisa reti /32

R3#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 172.16.13.1, 00:01:26, Serial0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 2.2.2.2 [110/129] via 172.16.13.1, 00:01:26, Serial0/0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0

172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks

O 172.16.13.1/32 [110/64] via 172.16.13.1, 00:01:26, Serial0/0 -----> multipoint avvisa reti /32

C 172.16.13.0/29 is directly connected, Serial0/0

O 172.16.13.2/32 [110/128] via 172.16.13.1, 00:01:28, Serial0/0 ----> multipoint avvisa reti /32

Network-type: Point-to-Multipoint NON BROADCAST

Simile al Point-to-Multipoint, NO DR, necessario “NEIGHBOR” sotto l’OSPF dell’HUB

POINT –TO MULTIPOINT à Diventano NEIGHBOR solo aggiungendo “neighbor ” nel processo ospf (solo sull’HUB) eliminare “broadcast” nelle frame-relay map

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.1 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 102

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.3 103

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 1.1.1.1

log-adjacency-changes

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

neighbor 172.16.13.3

neighbor 172.16.13.2

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.2 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 201

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.3 201

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 2.2.2.2

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.3 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network point-to-multipoint non-broadcast

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 301

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 301

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 3.3.3.3

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

LE NETWORK TYPE MULTICAST (anche NON BROADCAST) NON HANNO IL DR/BDR

R1#sh ip osp neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

3.3.3.3 0 FULL/ - 00:01:31 172.16.13.3 Serial0/0

2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:01:31 172.16.13.2 Serial0/0

R2#sh ip osp neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:01:37 172.16.13.1 Serial0/0

R3#sh ip ospf ne

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:01:42 172.16.13.1 Serial0/0

R1#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 172.16.13.2, 00:16:18, Serial0/0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 172.16.13.3, 00:16:18, Serial0/0

172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks

C 172.16.13.0/29 is directly connected, Serial0/0

O 172.16.13.3/32 [110/64] via 172.16.13.3, 00:16:18, Serial0/0 -------> multipoint avvisa reti /32

O 172.16.13.2/32 [110/64] via 172.16.13.2, 00:16:20, Serial0/0 -------> multipoint avvisa reti /32

R2#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 172.16.13.1, 00:16:48, Serial0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 3.3.3.3 [110/129] via 172.16.13.1, 00:16:48, Serial0/0

172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks

O 172.16.13.1/32 [110/64] via 172.16.13.1, 00:16:48, Serial0/0

C 172.16.13.0/29 is directly connected, Serial0/0

O 172.16.13.3/32 [110/128] via 172.16.13.1, 00:16:50, Serial0/0

R3#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 172.16.13.1, 00:17:12, Serial0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 2.2.2.2 [110/129] via 172.16.13.1, 00:17:12, Serial0/0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0

172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks

O 172.16.13.1/32 [110/64] via 172.16.13.1, 00:17:12, Serial0/0

C 172.16.13.0/29 is directly connected, Serial0/0

O 172.16.13.2/32 [110/128] via 172.16.13.1, 00:17:13, Serial0/0

R3#

Network-type: Broadcast

BROADCAST à Diventano NEIGHBOR solo aggiungendo “broadcast” nelle frame-relay-map

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.1 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network broadcast

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 102 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.3 103 broadcast

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 1.1.1.1

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.2 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network broadcast

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 201 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.3 201 broadcast

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 2.2.2.2

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.3 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network broadcast

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 301 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 301 broadcast

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 3.3.3.3

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

R1#sh ip osp ne

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

2.2.2.2 1 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:30 172.16.13.2 Serial0/0

3.3.3.3 1 FULL/DR 00:00:30 172.16.13.3 Serial0/0

R2#sh ip osp ne

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:38 172.16.13.1 Serial0/0

R3#sh ip osp ne

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:39 172.16.13.1 Serial0/0

L’HUB DEVE ESSERE IL DR à AGIRE SULLA PRIORITY SOTTO l’INTERFACCIA

(priority 0 diventi DROTHER)

(priority 255 diventi DR)

PRIORITY Si mette priority 0 sugli SPOKE in modo che l’HUB sia il DR

R1#sh ip osp neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

2.2.2.2 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:32 172.16.13.2 Serial0/0

3.3.3.3 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:31 172.16.13.3 Serial0/0

R2#sh ip osp ne

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:38 172.16.13.1 Serial0/0

R3#sh ip osp ne

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:33 172.16.13.1 Serial0/0

R3#

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.2 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network broadcast

ip ospf priority 0

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 201 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.3 201 broadcast

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.3 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network broadcast

ip ospf priority 0

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 301 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 301 broadcast

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

R1#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 1.1.1.1 is directly connected, Loopback0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 172.16.13.2, 00:06:23, Serial0/0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 172.16.13.3, 00:06:23, Serial0/0

172.16.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 172.16.13.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0

R2#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 172.16.13.1, 00:11:18, Serial0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 2.2.2.2 is directly connected, Loopback0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 3.3.3.3 [110/65] via 172.16.13.3, 00:11:18, Serial0/0

172.16.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 172.16.13.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0

R2#

R3#sh ip route

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 1.1.1.1 [110/65] via 172.16.13.1, 00:11:58, Serial0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 2.2.2.2 [110/65] via 172.16.13.2, 00:11:58, Serial0/0

3.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 3.3.3.3 is directly connected, Loopback0

172.16.0.0/29 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 172.16.13.0 is directly connected, Serial0/0

R3#

Summary:

· For topologies where you have one hub, ensure the hub is the DR or use a network type that doesn’t require a DR

· For topologies that have more than one hub, use a network type that doesn’t require a DR

· In partial mesh topologies, the hubs should use a broadcast frame-relay map on DLCI’s to all connected spokes. This is to stop redundant broadcasts

· In partial mesh topologies, the spokes should use a broadcast frame-relay map on DLCI’s to the hub only. This is to stop redundant broadcasts

Network type: Non broadcast

BROADCAST à Diventano NEIGHBOR solo aggiungendo “neighbor ” nel processo ospf (solo sull’HUB) eliminare “broadcast” nelle frame-relay map

OSPF network type Non-Broadcast requires a DR,

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.1 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network non-broadcast

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 102

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.3 103

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 1.1.1.1

log-adjacency-changes

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

neighbor 172.16.13.2

neighbor 172.16.13.3

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.3 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network non-broadcast

serial restart-delay 0

ip ospf priority 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 301

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 301

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 3.3.3.3

log-adjacency-changes

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.3 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network non-broadcast

serial restart-delay 0

ip ospf priority 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 301

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 301

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 3.3.3.3

log-adjacency-changes

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

Network type: Point-to-Point

· OSPF Point-to-Point network are designed to be used when there is a single pair of routers on a network segment.

· Point-to-Point networks don’t have DR/BDR relationships.

· Point-to-Point networks have Hello and Dead intervals of 10 seconds and 40 seconds respectively.

· OSPF Loopback Network Type is a special network type used on loopback interfaces only.

· Loopback Network types are treated as a stub host in the OSPF routing domain, and are advertised as a /32 route by default.

· We can change the network type of a loopback using the ip ospf network command. This allows us to advertise the route as something other than a /32 route.

The Point-to-Point network type does not require a DR to operate

interface Serial0/0

ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

encapsulation frame-relay

ip ospf network point-to-point

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 102 broadcast

no frame-relay inverse-arp

router ospf 1

router-id 1.1.1.1

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

interface Serial0/0

ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0

encapsulation frame-relay

ip ospf network point-to-point

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 201 broadcast

no frame-relay inverse-arp

router ospf 1

router-id 2.2.2.2

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

R1#sh ip osp ne

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

2.2.2.2 0 FULL/ - 00:00:37 192.168.1.2 Serial0/0

R2#sh ip osp ne

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 0 FULL/ - 00:00:34 192.168.1.1 Serial0/0

The default timers on a Point-to-Point link is 10 and 40 seconds for hello and dead intervals respectively . We can change this using the ip ospf hello-interval and ip ospf dead-interval commands. We will be taking a look at changing the default timers in our next article when we mix and match ospf network types.

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.1 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 102 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.3 103 broadcast

frame-relay interface-dlci 102

frame-relay interface-dlci 103

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 1.1.1.1

log-adjacency-changes

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

neighbor 172.16.13.3

neighbor 172.16.13.2

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.2 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 201 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.3 201 broadcast

frame-relay interface-dlci 201

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 2.2.2.2

log-adjacency-changes

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

interface Serial0/0

ip address 172.16.13.3 255.255.255.248

encapsulation frame-relay IETF

ip ospf network point-to-multipoint

serial restart-delay 0

no dce-terminal-timing-enable

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.1 301 broadcast

frame-relay map ip 172.16.13.2 301 broadcast

frame-relay interface-dlci 301

no frame-relay inverse-arp

frame-relay lmi-type ansi

router ospf 1

router-id 3.3.3.3

log-adjacency-changes

network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0

CCIE

lunedì 12 agosto 2013

FRAME-RELAY NETWORK TYPE

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